Solution:
(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as:
(c) Peninsula
(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called:
(c) Purvachal
(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as:
(c) Kannad
(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is:
(c) Mahendragiri

Solution:
(i) Bhabar: The bhabar is a region of the northern plains of India, located at the foothills of the Himalayas. It consists of a belt of pebbly and gravelly deposits, formed by rivers that flow down from the mountains.

(ii) Three major divisions of the Himalayas: From north to south, the three major divisions are:
1. Great Himalayas (Himadri)
2. Lesser Himalayas (Himachal)
3. Outer Himalayas (Shivalik)

(iii) Plateau between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges: The plateau is known as the Malwa Plateau.

(iv) Island group of India having coral origin: The Lakshadweep Islands are the group of islands with coral origin.

Solution:
(i) Bhangar and Khadar:
- Bhangar: Bhangar refers to the older alluvial soil found in the northern plains of India. It is composed of clay and is less fertile compared to Khadar. Bhangar is typically found at a higher elevation and is less prone to flooding.
- Khadar: Khadar refers to the newer alluvial soil, which is deposited by rivers during floods. It is found in the low-lying areas and is more fertile, making it suitable for agriculture.

(ii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
- Western Ghats: The Western Ghats are a mountain range running parallel to the western coast of India. They are characterized by high elevation, steep slopes, and rich biodiversity, with many endemic species. They receive heavy rainfall due to the southwest monsoon.
- Eastern Ghats: The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains along the eastern coast of India. They are generally lower in elevation, more eroded, and have a less uniform topography compared to the Western Ghats. They receive less rainfall and are less biodiverse.

Solution:

Major Physiographic Divisions of India

India's major physiographic divisions include the Himalayas, the Peninsular Plateau, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the Thar Desert, the Coastal Plains, and the Islands.

The Himalayan region is characterized by high peaks, deep valleys, and glaciers, showcasing rugged terrain with a significant elevation. In contrast, the Peninsular Plateau features a relatively flat landscape with rolling hills and extensive plateaus, composed mainly of ancient crystalline rocks. The Himalayas experience severe weather, while the Peninsular Plateau has a more moderate climate with rich mineral resources.

Solution:

Northern Plains of India

The Northern Plains of India extend across states like Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. Formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers, these plains are fertile and support extensive agriculture. The region is characterized by three divisions: the Punjab Plains, the Ganga Plains, and the Brahmaputra Plains. The climate is predominantly tropical, with distinct wet and dry seasons. These plains are also densely populated, contributing significantly to India's economy through agriculture and industry. Major cities like Delhi and Kanpur are located here, enhancing its urban significance.

Solution:

The Indian Desert

The Indian Desert, also known as the Thar Desert, is located primarily in Rajasthan. It covers about 200,000 square kilometers and features sandy dunes, rocky terrain, and sparse vegetation. The climate is arid, with low rainfall and extreme temperature variations between day and night. Major towns include Jaisalmer and Bikaner.

The Central Highlands

The Central Highlands are located between the Aravalli Range and the Vindhya Range. This region is characterized by rocky plateaus and steep hills. The Malwa Plateau and Bundelkhand region are significant parts. The climate is tropical, and it supports agriculture, particularly in fertile areas.

The Island Groups of India

India has two main island groups: the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal, and the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are known for their diverse flora and fauna, while Lakshadweep is famous for coral reefs and tourism. Both groups have unique ecosystems and cultures.