Solution:

What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Industry refers to the economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and the manufacturing of goods in factories. It involves the production of goods and services, which are then distributed and consumed by people. The industry can be classified into various types such as primary, secondary, and tertiary industries.

Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

The main factors influencing the location of an industry include:

• Availability of raw materials: Industries are often located near sources of raw materials to reduce transportation costs.
• Labor: Availability of skilled and unskilled labor influences industrial location, particularly in labor-intensive industries.
• Capital: Access to financial resources is crucial for setting up and expanding industries.
• Market: Proximity to the market helps in reducing transportation costs and ensures quick delivery of goods.
• Transportation and Communication: Efficient transport networks and communication systems help in the easy movement of raw materials and finished products.
• Power Supply: Availability of consistent and affordable power is essential for running industries.
• Government Policies: Government incentives, taxes, and regulations can also influence the location of industries.

Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

The steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry because it provides the essential material for the construction and manufacturing of machinery, transportation, buildings, and infrastructure. Steel is a fundamental resource in the development of other industries such as automotive, shipbuilding, and construction, making it a crucial part of modern economic growth and industrialization.

Solution:

Distinction between Agro-based and Mineral-based Industry

Agro-based Industry: These industries are dependent on agricultural products for raw materials. Examples include cotton textile, sugar, and oilseed mills. They utilize products like cotton, sugarcane, and oilseeds for manufacturing goods.

Mineral-based Industry: These industries are dependent on minerals as raw materials. Examples include iron and steel, cement, and aluminum industries. They use minerals like iron ore, limestone, and bauxite for production.

Distinction between Public Sector and Joint Sector Industry

Public Sector Industry: In these industries, the government owns and operates the business. The main objective is to serve public welfare and ensure economic stability. Examples include Indian Railways, BHEL, and ONGC.

Joint Sector Industry: These industries are owned and managed by both the government and private individuals or companies. The aim is to combine public control and private entrepreneurship. Examples include Maruti Suzuki and Oil India Limited.

Solution:

Raw Materials:

Coal and Iron Ore

End products:

Steel and Furniture

Tertiary Activities:

Teaching and Banking

Agro-based Industries:

Textile and Sugar

Cottage Industries:

Pottery and Weaving

Co-operatives:

Amul and IFFCO