Solution:

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Why are people considered a resource?

People are considered a resource because they contribute to the development and progress of a country. A skilled and educated population can create wealth, generate employment, and use available resources efficiently. The knowledge, skills, and creativity of people make them valuable for economic growth and social development.

(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world?

The causes for the uneven distribution of population in the world include factors such as physical features (e.g., climate, landforms, soil), economic opportunities (e.g., industries, trade), political conditions, and historical factors (e.g., migration). Areas with favorable climate, fertile land, and availability of resources tend to have higher population density, while harsh climates or areas prone to natural disasters are sparsely populated.

(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

The world population has grown rapidly due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and agriculture. These advancements have reduced mortality rates and increased life expectancy. Also, the industrial revolution and technological progress have supported economic development, leading to higher birth rates and better living conditions, which contributed to population growth.

(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population change.

Two factors influencing population change are:

• Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year. A high birth rate leads to population growth, while a low birth rate may result in a declining population.
• Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year. A high death rate can slow population growth, whereas a low death rate supports a growing population due to better healthcare and living conditions.

(v) What is meant by population composition?

Population composition refers to the structure or characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, literacy, occupation, and other socio-economic factors. It helps in understanding the demographic profile of a population and is important for planning resources and services accordingly.

(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in understanding about the population of a country?

Population pyramids are graphical representations that show the distribution of a population by age and gender. They are used to analyze the growth trends of a population. A pyramid-shaped graph indicates a growing population with a high birth rate, while an inverted pyramid indicates a declining population. These pyramids help in understanding the demographic structure, predicting future needs, and formulating policies for social welfare, education, and healthcare.

Solution:

1. Write down the word “CORRECT” in front of the correct answer.

(i) Which does the term population distribution refer to?

• (a) How population in a specified area changes over time.
• (b) The number of people who die in relation to the number of people born in a specified area.
• (c) The way in which people are spread across a given area. CORRECT

(ii) Which are three main factors that cause population change?

• (a) Births, deaths and marriage
• (b) Births, deaths and migration CORRECT
• (c) Births, deaths and life expectancy

(iii) In 1999, the world population reached

• (a) 1 billion
• (b) 3 billion
• (c) 6 billion CORRECT

(iv) What is a population pyramid?

• (a) A graphical presentation of the age, sex composition of a population. CORRECT
• (b) When the population density of an area is so high that people live in tall buildings.
• (c) Pattern of population distribution in large urban areas.

Solution:

Complete the sentences below using some of the following words.

When people are attracted to an area it becomes densely populated.

Factors that influence this include favourable climate; good supplies of natural resources and fertile land.

Solution:

Characteristics of a Society with Too Many Under 15s

A society with a large proportion of its population under the age of 15 will face various challenges and needs:

• Need for Schools: There will be a higher demand for schools, classrooms, and educational materials to accommodate the growing number of children.
• Teachers: A greater number of teachers will be required to maintain the quality of education and manage large student populations.
• Toys and Childcare: There will be increased demand for toys, recreational facilities, and childcare services to keep children engaged and cared for.
• Labour Supply: Although the working-age population is smaller now, the future labour supply will eventually increase as these children grow up, leading to potential economic growth.
• Hospitals and Healthcare: More pediatric healthcare services and hospitals will be needed to cater to the health needs of a younger population.

Characteristics of a Society with Too Few Under 15s

A society with a small proportion of its population under the age of 15 may experience different challenges:

• Pension Schemes: With fewer children, there will be a higher burden on pension schemes as the elderly population grows and the working-age population shrinks.
• Labour Supply: There may be a shortage of young workers in the future, leading to potential labour shortages and reduced economic productivity.
• Wheelchairs and Elderly Care: There will be an increased demand for elderly care services, wheelchairs, and medical supplies to take care of the aging population.
• Healthcare and Hospitals: More hospitals and healthcare services focused on geriatrics and elderly care will be needed as the elderly population increases.
• Teachers: A decrease in the number of children would mean fewer teachers are required, potentially leading to job cuts in the education sector.