5.6-Square Roots of Decimals

5.6-Square Roots of Decimals Important Formulae

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5.6 - Square Roots of Decimals
  • The square root of a decimal is the value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the decimal.
  • For decimals, express the number as a fraction to simplify calculations.
  • If $a = 0.25$, then $\sqrt{a} = \sqrt{\frac{25}{100}} = \frac{5}{10} = 0.5$.
  • Square roots of decimals can also be found using estimation and approximation.
  • Examples: $\sqrt{0.16} = 0.4$, $\sqrt{0.01} = 0.1$.

5.6 - Square Roots of Decimals

The square root of a decimal is a number that, when multiplied by itself, gives the decimal value. Finding the square root of a decimal is similar to finding the square root of a whole number, but it involves extra care due to the decimal point. Let’s delve into the process of calculating the square root of a decimal.

To find the square root of a decimal, follow these steps:

  1. Step 1: Convert the decimal into a whole number. This can be done by moving the decimal point to the right, converting the decimal into a whole number.
  2. Step 2: Find the square root of the whole number as if it were an integer.
  3. Step 3: After finding the square root, place the decimal point in the appropriate position in the result based on how many places the decimal point was moved.

For example, let’s calculate the square root of 0.09.

1. Convert 0.09 into a whole number by moving the decimal point two places to the right: 0.09 = 9 × $10^{-2}$.

2. Find the square root of 9: $\sqrt{9} = 3$.

3. Place the decimal point back: since we moved the decimal point two places, the square root is $0.3$.

Thus, $\sqrt{0.09} = 0.3$.

Another example: Let’s find the square root of 0.0004.

1. Convert 0.0004 into a whole number: 0.0004 = 4 × $10^{-4}$.

2. Find the square root of 4: $\sqrt{4} = 2$.

3. Place the decimal point back: we moved the decimal point four places, so the square root is $0.02$.

Thus, $\sqrt{0.0004} = 0.02$.

In some cases, square roots of decimals may not result in a perfect square, meaning they may have an irrational square root. For instance, $\sqrt{0.5}$ will not give a whole number but an approximation:

We know that $\sqrt{0.5} \approx 0.7071$ (rounded to four decimal places).

It is important to use accurate methods or a calculator to find the square roots of decimals that do not have perfect square roots.

Another way to approach finding square roots of decimals is to use long division, just as one does for whole numbers. This method helps to find square roots to the required decimal places without relying on approximations.

In conclusion, the main idea of finding square roots of decimals involves shifting the decimal point to create a whole number, calculating the square root of the whole number, and then returning the decimal point to its proper place in the result.

Find the square root of each of the following numbers by Division method.

(i) 2304
(ii) 4489
(iii) 3481
(iv) 529
(v) 3249
(vi) 1369
(vii) 5776
(viii) 7921
(ix) 576
(x) 1024
(xi) 3136
(xii) 900

Solution:

Find the square root of the following numbers by Division method
(i) Square root of 2304
$2304 \div 2 = 1152$
$1152 \div 2 = 576$
$576 \div 2 = 288$
$288 \div 2 = 144$
$144 \div 2 = 72$
$72 \div 2 = 36$
$36 \div 2 = 18$
$18 \div 2 = 9$
$9 \div 3 = 3$
$3 \div 3 = 1$
Hence, the square root of 2304 is $48$.

(vii) Square root of 5776
$5776 \div 2 = 2888$
$2888 \div 2 = 1444$
$1444 \div 2 = 722$
$722 \div 2 = 361$
$361 \div 19 = 19$
$19 \div 19 = 1$
Hence, the square root of 5776 is $76$.

(ix) Square root of 576
$576 \div 2 = 288$
$288 \div 2 = 144$
$144 \div 2 = 72$
$72 \div 2 = 36$
$36 \div 2 = 18$
$18 \div 2 = 9$
$9 \div 3 = 3$
$3 \div 3 = 1$
Hence, the square root of 576 is $24$.

(x) Square root of 1024
$1024 \div 2 = 512$
$512 \div 2 = 256$
$256 \div 2 = 128$
$128 \div 2 = 64$
$64 \div 2 = 32$
$32 \div 2 = 16$
$16 \div 2 = 8$
$8 \div 2 = 4$
$4 \div 2 = 2$
$2 \div 2 = 1$
Hence, the square root of 1024 is $32$.

(xi) Square root of 3136
$3136 \div 2 = 1568$
$1568 \div 2 = 784$
$784 \div 2 = 392$
$392 \div 2 = 196$
$196 \div 2 = 98$
$98 \div 2 = 49$
$49 \div 7 = 7$
$7 \div 7 = 1$
Hence, the square root of 3136 is $56$.

(xii) Square root of 900
$900 \div 2 = 450$
$450 \div 2 = 225$
$225 \div 3 = 75$
$75 \div 3 = 25$
$25 \div 5 = 5$
$5 \div 5 = 1$
Hence, the square root of 900 is $30$.

Find the number of digits in the square root of each of the following numbers (without any calculation).

(i) 64
(ii) 144
(iii) 4489
(iv) 27225
(v) 390625

Solution:

If a perfect square is of n digits then its square root will have $\dfrac{n}{2}$ digits if n is even and $\dfrac{n+1}{2}$ if n is odd.


(i) 64 $\rightarrow$ even $\dfrac{n}{2}$ =$\dfrac{2}{2}$ = 1 digit
(ii) 144 $\rightarrow$ odd $\dfrac{n+1}{2}$=$\dfrac{3 + 1}{2}$ = 2 digits
(iii) 4489 $\rightarrow$ even $\dfrac{n}{2}$=$\dfrac{4}{2}$ = 2 digits
(iv) 27225 $\rightarrow$ odd $\dfrac{n+1}{2}$=$\dfrac{5 + 1}{2}$ = 3 digits
(v) 390625 $\rightarrow$ even $\dfrac{n}{2}$=$\dfrac{6}{2}$ = 3 digits

Find the square root of the following decimal numbers.

(i) 2.56
(ii) 7.29
(iii) 51.84
(iv) 42.25
(v) 31.36

Solution:

Find the square root of the following decimal numbers:
(i) Square root of 2.56:
The square root of $2.56$ is $1.6$.
(ii) Square root of 7.29:
The square root of $7.29$ is $2.7$.
(iii) Square root of 51.84:
The square root of $51.84$ is $7.2$.
(iv) Square root of 42.25:
The square root of $42.25$ is $6.5$.
(v) Square root of 31.36:
The square root of $31.36$ is $5.6$.

Find the least number which must be subtracted from each of the following numbers so as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect square so obtained.

(i) 402
(ii) 1989
(iii) 3250
(iv) 825
(v) 4000

Solution:

Find the least number which must be subtracted from each of the following numbers so as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect square so obtained.
(i) 402
We need to find the largest perfect square less than 402. The square root of 402 is approximately 20.05. The perfect square less than 402 is $20^2 = 400$.
The least number to be subtracted from 402 is $402 - 400 = 2$.
The square root of the perfect square is $20$.

(ii) 1989
The square root of 1989 is approximately 44.64. The perfect square less than 1989 is $44^2 = 1936$.
The least number to be subtracted from 1989 is $1989 - 1936 = 53$.
The square root of the perfect square is $44$.

(iii) 3250
The square root of 3250 is approximately 57.00. The perfect square less than 3250 is $57^2 = 3249$.
The least number to be subtracted from 3250 is $3250 - 3249 = 1$.
The square root of the perfect square is $57$.

(iv) 825
The square root of 825 is approximately 28.72. The perfect square less than 825 is $28^2 = 784$.
The least number to be subtracted from 825 is $825 - 784 = 41$.
The square root of the perfect square is $28$.

(v) 4000
The square root of 4000 is approximately 63.25. The perfect square less than 4000 is $63^2 = 3969$.
The least number to be subtracted from 4000 is $4000 - 3969 = 31$.
The square root of the perfect square is $63$.

Find the least number which must be added to each of the following numbers so as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect square so obtained.

(i) 525
(ii) 1750
(iii) 252
(iv) 1825
(v) 6412

Solution:

Find the least number which must be added to each of the following numbers so as to get a perfect square. Also find the square root of the perfect square so obtained.
(i) 525
Let the least number to be added be $x$. Then we need to find the smallest perfect square greater than 525. The square root of 525 is approximately $22.91$, so the next integer is $23$. The perfect square is $23^2 = 529$. Thus, the least number to be added is $529 - 525 = 4$. The square root of the perfect square is $23$.

(ii) 1750
Let the least number to be added be $x$. The square root of 1750 is approximately $41.8$, so the next integer is $42$. The perfect square is $42^2 = 1764$. Thus, the least number to be added is $1764 - 1750 = 14$. The square root of the perfect square is $42$.

(iii) 252
Let the least number to be added be $x$. The square root of 252 is approximately $15.87$, so the next integer is $16$. The perfect square is $16^2 = 256$. Thus, the least number to be added is $256 - 252 = 4$. The square root of the perfect square is $16$.

(iv) 1825
Let the least number to be added be $x$. The square root of 1825 is approximately $42.7$, so the next integer is $43$. The perfect square is $43^2 = 1849$. Thus, the least number to be added is $1849 - 1825 = 24$. The square root of the perfect square is $43$.

(v) 6412
Let the least number to be added be $x$. The square root of 6412 is approximately $80.1$, so the next integer is $81$. The perfect square is $81^2 = 6561$. Thus, the least number to be added is $6561 - 6412 = 149$. The square root of the perfect square is $81$.

Find the length of the side of a square whose area is 441 m$^2$.

Solution:

Question:

Find the length of the side of a square whose area is 441 m$^2$.

Solution:

We know that the area of a square is given by the formula:

Area = side$^2$

Let the length of the side of the square be $s$.

So, Area = $s^2$

Given, Area = 441 m$^2$

Therefore, $s^2 = 441$

Taking the square root of both sides:

$s = \sqrt{441}$

$s = 21$

Thus, the length of the side of the square is 21 meters.

In a right triangle ABC, ∠B = 90°.
(a) If AB = 6 cm, BC = 8cm, find AC.
(b) If AC = 13 cm, BC = 5cm, find AB.

Solution:

In a right triangle ABC, ∠B = 90°.

(a) If AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm, find AC.

Using Pythagoras' Theorem: $AC^2 = AB^2 + BC^2$

$AC^2 = 6^2 + 8^2$

$AC^2 = 36 + 64$

$AC^2 = 100$

$AC = \sqrt{100}$

$AC = 10$ cm

(b) If AC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm, find AB.

Using Pythagoras' Theorem: $AC^2 = AB^2 + BC^2$

$13^2 = AB^2 + 5^2$

$169 = AB^2 + 25$

$AB^2 = 169 - 25$

$AB^2 = 144$

$AB = \sqrt{144}$

$AB = 12$ cm

A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant these in such a way that the number of rows and the number of columns remain same. Find the minimum number of plants he needs more for this.

Solution:

Question:

A gardener has 1000 plants. He wants to plant these in such a way that the number of rows and the number of columns remain the same. Find the minimum number of plants he needs more for this.

Solution:

Let the number of rows and columns be $x$. The total number of plants will be $x^2$.

We are given that the gardener has 1000 plants, so we need to find the nearest perfect square greater than or equal to 1000.

Finding the square root of 1000: $ \sqrt{1000} \approx 31.62$. So, the nearest perfect square is $32^2 = 1024$.

Therefore, the gardener needs $1024 - 1000 = 24$ more plants to make the number of rows and columns equal.

There are 500 children in a school. For a P.T. drill they have to stand in such a manner that the number of rows is equal to number of columns. How many children would be left out in this arrangement.

Solution:

Problem: Number of Children Left Out in P.T. Drill

There are 500 children in a school. They have to stand in such a manner that the number of rows is equal to the number of columns. The number of children that will be left out in this arrangement can be determined as follows:

Let the number of rows and columns be $n$. Therefore, the total number of children in the arrangement will be $n^2$.

We know that the total number of children is 500. So, we need to find the largest square number less than or equal to 500.

Find the largest value of $n$ such that $n^2 \leq 500$.

The square root of 500 is approximately 22.36, so the largest integer $n$ is 22.

Thus, $n^2 = 22^2 = 484$ children can stand in the arrangement.

The number of children left out will be:

$500 - 484 = 16$

Therefore, 16 children will be left out in this arrangement.