Globalisation has been facilitated by several key factors that have transformed the way countries and economies interact. Understanding these factors is essential for grasping the dynamics of globalization and its implications for economies, particularly in the context of India.

1. Advances in Technology: One of the primary drivers of globalisation is technological advancement. Innovations in communication and information technology, such as the internet, smartphones, and cloud computing, have made it easier for businesses to connect globally. These technologies enable instant communication, facilitating coordination across borders and enhancing business operations.

2. Trade Liberalisation: The reduction of tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers has played a significant role in promoting international trade. Many countries have engaged in trade liberalisation policies, leading to increased trade flows. Agreements like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO), have facilitated the liberalization of trade across nations.

3. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): FDI has been a crucial factor in enabling globalisation. Multinational corporations invest in foreign countries to establish production facilities and operations, thus integrating economies. FDI brings capital, technology, and expertise to host countries, fostering economic development and creating jobs.

4. Global Supply Chains: The development of global supply chains has revolutionized production processes. Companies source raw materials and components from various countries to optimize costs and enhance efficiency. This interdependence allows for the specialization of production based on comparative advantages, leading to increased competitiveness in the global market.

5. Transportation Improvements: Advances in transportation technology have significantly reduced the costs and time associated with moving goods across borders. Innovations such as container shipping and air freight have made it easier and more efficient to transport products globally, facilitating trade and enhancing the reach of businesses.

6. Economic Reforms: Many countries have implemented economic reforms to open their markets and attract foreign investment. For instance, India initiated economic reforms in the early 1990s, liberalizing its economy and encouraging global trade. Such reforms have contributed to the integration of national economies into the global market.

7. Rise of Multinational Corporations (MNCs): MNCs play a pivotal role in globalisation by operating in multiple countries and influencing economic policies. They drive investment, create jobs, and promote trade, contributing to the interconnectedness of global markets. MNCs leverage their global presence to optimize production and distribution, furthering economic integration.

8. Cultural Exchange: Globalisation is also driven by cultural exchanges that promote the sharing of ideas, values, and practices across borders. The spread of media, entertainment, and education has led to greater awareness and interaction among different cultures, fostering a global perspective and influencing consumer behavior.

9. Policy Initiatives: Governments play a critical role in facilitating globalisation through policy initiatives that promote trade and investment. Bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, as well as participation in international organizations, help countries to establish favorable conditions for global economic integration.

10. Global Financial Markets: The integration of financial markets has enabled easier movement of capital across borders. Investors can now access global financial markets, leading to increased capital flows and investment opportunities. This interconnectedness provides businesses with the resources needed for expansion and growth.

In summary, a combination of technological advancements, trade liberalisation, foreign investment, and various policy initiatives has enabled globalisation, fostering a more interconnected world economy. Understanding these factors is essential for navigating the complexities of globalization and its impacts.